Geophone



fesiduo1 ffux to zefo) fs very high, the peffneability is lovv, ond the hysoefesis 1oop is of lolfge ofe8.

It is thuS evident that ft fs o poof nlognetfo off cuit design Which nlakes ft necessofy, os is the o8se in cuffent geophone desfgn, to uti1ie the pefn1anent Inagnet as paft of a nfagnetic circuit Which should have a feluotonoe as loW os it iS poSSible to obtEin, conistent With eoonofny, nlatefiols, and space- T'f1iS is pafticulafly tfue in geophones Where sIna11 aJternating fnagnetio nuxeS afe requifed fof their opefotion.

The present invention pfovides al geophone of sifnple design and conStruction Wf1ich oon1pfises peffnanent fnagnets lafge enough to supply sufficient nux in the air a s fo1 efcient opefation and, in addition provides a path of lovv reluctonce for the altefnating flux. TTe poth pfovided in acoofdBnce With this invention for the aftefnating nux is of total reluctance suicient1y 1ow that the fflagnetofnotive fofoes, generated by affiva1 of Seisn1ic vaveS Which it iS desifed to feoofd, effect substantial changes in the fiux through the 1OW reluctance cifcuit and arInatufe an genefate coffespondingly lafge voltage fInpulSes in the coi1. ''he fesu1t is a geophone of high Sensi tivity.

Thefefofe, the pfinlary obJeot of this invention is the fovision of a geophone utilfzing pern1a nent Inagnets of hard Inagnetic nlateI'ial to supply the steady nux, and having a s ecial soft iron path of low relnctance for the altefnating flux, Which instrument Wi11 opefate of 8 refatively h1gh sensitivity, due to the low Teluctance of the alternatin f11L( circuit,

Another object of this invention Tesides in the proviSion of low reluctance conneoting links that afe forIned by inclosin 1ings frofn Inaterials such as those knovvn by their trade-nafneS Pennanoy, Hypefnio, E1ectfic eta1, etc., in lastic envelopes. This invention is illustrated by the attached dravving in Whlch:

Figufe 1 is a vefticaJ elevation paftly in section, shOWing the application of the lovv Te111ctance links to a geophone to fonn the alternating flux oifouit;

gufe 2 iS a pefspective view of the elenlents forIning the Inagnetic cifcuit in the geophone Figure 3 is a cfoss-Seotional viev of the Inag netic assexnbly taken along the lineS 33 in ,ig ufe 2;

f,iguTe 4 iS a crosssectiona1 view of one of the lovv Teluctance 1inks taken aJong the line 4 of figure 2; and

,ig11fe 5 is a cfoSSsectiona1 vieW of a ffagnlent of one of the link showing a fnodified forn1 of the fesent invention.

RefeTrin to the dTaWin in detai1, particolarly 'igufe 1, there is shown on affnotufe Which may of Inay not be of lafninated oonstfuction, con neoted to and adapted to be Inoved by the geophone oase of she11 2, through fneans of the frame member 3, Which is secured in suitable fnanef figidly to the top portion of she11 2. Besiliently mounted With reSpeot to the ffame 3, and fetained in balanoed position by the v7eight con1penSating spfing afe the Inagnetic narte fialS 5, 0, T and 8 Whioh, due to their fesilient n1ounting function as inertia vveights, I,flis as sen1bly of n1agnetic nateTials conlpfiSeS the Substantially Ushaped pernlonent fflolgoets 5 and 6 that a1'e positioned above ond belovv the 8fnlatufe l. These Ineolbefs are so disposed in theif assefnbled felationship that the nlen1he1' of the U-Shoped n1agoet of nofth polaffty iS di fectly opposite the south pole of the ofhef nalg net, Which 1fes on the opposfte side of the afno ture ''11e ermanent magnets gnd o are of hafd Inagnetio fnatefial, s11oh fof exonfple, as 35% cobalt Stee1 of a. fneta1 sold on the mfket under the trade-naIne of 1nico ffetaL" A1 though these fnagnets are of high fnagnetization, they resent an extrenlely high fe111otanoe to the fiovv of SIna1 alternating uxes, Which Would be genefated by the geophone in operotion- In ac cofdanoe with this invention, sepafote paths afe pfovided for the altefnoting nuxes and ae fofffled by the elen1ents T ond 8 of soft Inognetic fnaltef'io1 having a high peffneabnfty, I,f=ese pieces of high peffneability n18tefia1 afe so ar fanged in the aSSeInbly (See igufe 1) that the fespective ends of eaoh elefflent T and 0 fofIn pole tips for the like poles of each of the peffnanent n1agnets, and afe disposed betvveen the pole tip of the pefn1anent Inagnet and the arInatufe L 1efnentS T and 0 have hefetofofe been of lafflinated oonstfuction. I)11e to the peouHafShape of the linkS T and 8 ft has been neceSSary to coff1- pletely nlanufactufe thefn by hand. 'fis has fnade the oost of pfoductfon of Suoh a geophone fun extfefnely high. I,fle instant invention has fofnled by fst Inolding the envelope 2 frofn plaStic mateffa1 and then pooking of pfessing the i 1ings in the envelope. As shown in f,igures 2 and 3, a poftion of the plastic envelopes, ad

jacent the poles of tfle pennanent n1a nets 5 and f and arInatufe is cut aWay so that the 11ingS vvi11 contact the pole faces of the pefnanent Inagnet and th air gap between the conneoting links ond the afInatufe can be feduced fo a InininluIn. The exposed fllings fofn1ing ad pole face adjacent the affnatufe afe ceIT1ented of fuSedtogethef to hold thefn in the enve1ope.

Although theSe conneoting links have been disolosed in the forn1 of f11ings enolosed in ai p1atic envelope, it is obvious to those skilled iI1 the aft that the lings oould also be fifst ifnbedded if1 the plaStic nlatefia1 and then n1olded to form. nS foffn of the invention is il111stfated in 1 ,igure 5 of t11e dfavving. It is believed, hovvevef, that by nfSt Inixing the 1ings With the lastic nlotefia1 and then fnolding the links, that links Womd be pfoduced having o highef feluctance than those fofIned by the fifst diSclosed method.

vvith fefefenoe to gufe 1. it oan be seeff thot if the afInatufe is ooused to fnove veftica1y, that is, to osci11ate in the alif gap pfov1ded by the affangement of magnets desofibed obove, thefe vvi11 be only o Slight ohonge 111 the difeot flux flovving in the upper ond lovvef pefElonent Inagnetic cifcuits (Which depend upon the ofnlotufe to foffn a poftion of each cffouit) becouSe change iI1 air gap vvi11 11ot effeot o substantia1 change in the toto1 feuctance of this high fe luctance circuit. ffovvevef, ar substantia1 change in f1ux Wi11 ooouf in the lovv feluotonce oifoufts conlpfiSing the conneotin elenlents T and 8 ond the afInoture l. This vafying nux genefated by osillatiof1 of the ofnlotufe felative to the pef fnanent nlagnets vvi11 not fiov7 thfough the f11gh feluotanoe cirouit that is fnode up poftly of the pefmanent nlagnefio o1aterfaL but Wi11 ffoW though the ofolofofe vvhen ft is.11oved in one difeotion and oofoss the f g8p soy to the south 9,ooo,ooo

ole tf of mognef E, oround through the pathpfovfded by the high penneobty motoffol 'l, enolosed fn the plostfo envelope lf, ond book ffto the ofmotufe of its opposite end. Due to the foot that the peffneabnity of the path thus pfovlded for the oltefnofing fiux is so muoh higher thon thot of the perfnonent fnognetic fnoterloL o greoter ofnount of usefu1 olternofing flux fs generoted. By placing o con 9 oround the fffoving orInofure l, as shown, ond bringfng the leods ffom this coil op and out through the top po!tion of the oap l0, voltages generoted ff1 this oof1 by the fiov7 of olognetio ouxes throogh the ornloture oon, ofter suitoble onlpHncotfon, be fecofded on ol golvonofneter. )ue to the fevefso1 of ffox in the ofofotofe coused by itS osonlation these voltoges vv111 be olteffloting ouffent voltogeS.

To bettef inustfate the path of olternotfng fluxes, When the ornlotofe l is ooused to osofote fn the r gap, assufning thot the armofofe fs xnoving toword its Inaxin1um up osftion, the instontoneoos path of the genefated oltefnoting fluxes Would be os indiooted bythe offovvS in ffgofe 1, the heovy arroWs indiooting the strong est fiow of flux ond the light orrows the vveakest fiov7 of fiux. ()n Inovefnent of the onnoture to fts fnoxirnum botfon1 posftion, the voluos of the o1- tefnating fluxes Wn1 be revefSed.

Due to the fact thot the ohanges in the ofT gops betWeen the poles of the magnets and the o motuTe ore extTe!nely sno11, !onging in the nelgh boThood of .001 inch, there fs very little ohonge in reluotance of the high reluotonoe peTInonent nognet oifouit when the ofInoture is ooosed to osonlate in sympothy With seismfo woves, Which oot upon the geophone through the znedioIn of fts cose or shen z, Which fs ff contaot vith the eofth. or this feosonl the ohonge ff1 dffect nux, fn both the upper ond lower pefolonent fnognef oironffs is relotively sman.

In the balanoed fype geophone, os contefn ploted by this inventlon, the nuxes, When no fflovefflent of the ofInotufe is taking plooe, oro bolonoed, ond this bolonce is Inaintoined onti1 the affnotufe fS oouSed to fnove out of fts neutfol posftfon with Tespect to the magnetfo pole. Dof ing the osoi11otfon of the afXnotufe, when ft op pfooohes of poir of pole faces, the fiux thfough that holf of the offouit is inoreased, While thot thfough the opposite poftion of the cifouit is de oreased. This gives hot is tefmed o push-pon effect. tISing the balanced type of geophone, the

olteTnating nuxes ore genefated on the Inostof fective poffion of the hyStefesis loop Whefe o fe1 altively SIna11 ofagnefofnotive fofoe vvi11 pfoduoe the gfeatest nux values. In deSign and ffoIn oc tuo1 testS Inade in the laboratofy, it haJS been foond that the reluctonoe of the oif gapS be tvveen the ofInatufe and the pole fooes fs in fnony instanoes fn11oh lowef thon thaf of the n1ognetic oronit forIned by the pefInonent rnognetic nlatef!al1.

It is to ovefooffle this undesiToble effeot that the balonced offnatufe type of constTuotion vvith low reluotonce olternating ffux paths wos de vised. A fufther benent of thiS oonStruction is that gfeatef electfon1agnetio dafnping of the geo phone is obtained for the feoson that greotef eleotfioal eooienoy is secufed With thiS oonStruo tion. That is, gfeoter ourTents vvi11 fiovv in the geophone and in the input aInpliflef offouitS, ond o1so greater alternating fluxes Wi11 be pfesent vvith this oonstfuction than With fhe nsoo1 typo of oonstfuotion. These greoter oltefooting ourfentS ond fluxes in the geophones Wff1 fesolt in gfeotef eeotfomognetfo dompfog of the fnnef oso111oltofy sysfeo1, Whose ffee oSonlotfons ore to bo ovoided os fnuoh os possfble.

foloio1= 1. n on fflstfoment odopted to deteot seismfo Woves by generotiog eleotfiool sfgnols oorfespono ing to them, of the t pe which ut1Hzes aJternating ffux poths thot ofe distinot ffofn the soufoo of dffeot ffux, the ffnpfovefffent vvhioh ooInpfises 1ow felootonce condootors fof the olternofing nox, each of sofd low reloctonoe oonduotofs oofffpfsing o plostio enyolope ond high perIneabilfty netof fi1fngs vvffhin the envelope, Whefeby the n1 ings in the envelope wfth the ofmoture fofm o high pefnleobility poth fo1' the alternoting oox.

2. In on instfoment odopted to deteot seismio vvoves by genefotfng eleotficol signals ooffeSpond ing to them of the type vvhioh utiHzes olteTnotfng nux pathS thof ofe distinot ffofn the soufoe of difeot nux, the ffnpfovenent vvhioh cofnpfises- 1oW feluotonce conductofs for the olternBting ffox, each of said low feluctonoe conductofs ooffI- prfsing linkS oonnecting like poles of peTolanenf Inagnets fornled by fflolding neto1 fflings With o binder into the desifed shape, Whereby the 1ingS With the ofmatofe fofm o fngh pefmeob poth fof the alternoting ffux. v

3. In on instTuInent odopted to deteot sefsoic vvoves by genefating electfical sfgflos coffeSpond ing fo theTn of the type Which utilizes altefnofing fiux pothS that ofe distiffot ffofn the soufce of dffeof fux, the inlpfoven1ent vvhich oonlpfises loW Teloofonoe oonduotofs for the alternoting ffux, each of soid lovv reluctance oondoctoTs oofn prising linko conneoting lfke poleS of perfnonent mognets formed by fnolding meta1 filings wffh o plostic binde1' fffto the desifed shape, vVhefeby the f1ing vvith the offnatufe fofn1 al high pefn1e abnity palth fof the altefnating 1 1l1x v 4. A geophone adapted for 11Se iff detecting Seisfnio vvoves by generoting e1ectfioo1signo1oof Tesponding to theIn, oofnprising in ooxnbinotion ol oosing, o ffaffle seoured vvithin ond odapted to be cafffed by the oasing, a substantfany baf Shoped of,fnofofe coffied by soid franle offd odapfed fof movement thefewith, o con on soid arfnotufe hoving its leads extending fo a point outsfde of the casing fof eleotfioa1 oonneotions, of fneftia ossefnbly, and Ineons fof feSiief1tly Inounting the inertio asSefnbly on fhe fronle inside the oasing in opeTatfve felationShfp vvith fhe offnatufe, Said ineftia aSSen1bly oofnpfising a paff of permanent mognets disposed felotive to the orInot11re in soch aL nlanner thaf a nofth and south pole Wf11 1ie on opposite sides of eooh end of the arfnoture, and hJgh pefIneobility1inks oonfleoting like poles of the tvvo nlagnets and foffn ing betvveen the poles of the fnagnetS and the ofn1atufe, high pefffleabilfty pole faoes for the fflagnets, eoch of soid coffneotiffg links oofnpffs ff1g on envelope, ond high pefIneability Ifleta1 fi1 fngs vvithif1 the envelope, vvhefeby fhe fflingS in the oonnecting 1inks With the arInotore foTTn o high per1eabnity path fo1' the olternoting flux.

5. d geophone adapted for l1Se fff -detectfng seisff1io vvaves by genefoffng e1ectffoa1 sfgffals ooffespooding to then1, con1prising in combino tfon ooosing, ar ffame secured Within ond adopt ed to be ooTned by the cosing, a substontially borshoped ofnlotofe cofffed by soid froff e and odopted fof' noovefnent thefevfth, o ooi1 on sofd ofnlotofe hovfng fts leodS extending to a pofnt ootside of the oosif1g fof eleotrioa1 oonnectfons, on fneftio ossen1bly, ond fnes fo1' fesf1feofly Inoontfog the fneftia. ossen1bly onfhe ffafno ff1 

